1700s–Mid-1800s: Children are taught to read through memorization of the alphabet, practice with sound-letter correspondences, and spelling lists. The prevailing texts used for teaching reading are the Bible and political essays.…
“Orthographic mapping is a brain activity that involves parts of the brain connecting graphemes and phonemes within words.” (Ehri 2022) Orthographic maps are set up in the brain when decoding…
I created Phoneme-Grapheme Mapping in 1983 to help students (and teachers) understand the reality that the number of sounds (phonemes) they hear in a word may be different from the…